淺(qian)談(tan)開發新型電(dian)線電(dian)纜材料的(de)關(guan)鍵問題

　　在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)線電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜的(de)生(sheng)產中，由于其原(yuan)(yuan)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)成本占生(sheng)產成本的(de)80%以上，而銅、鋁(lv)、鋼芯、橡膠、塑料(liao)(liao)和(he)護套等(deng)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)又為原(yuan)(yuan)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)成本的(de)主體，這(zhe)就要求電(dian)(dian)(dian)線電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜企業(ye)在(zai)如何設計有特色的(de)產品(pin)、節約原(yuan)(yuan)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)、開發新型環保材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)等(deng)方面下功夫。因(yin)此，今后必(bi)須考(kao)慮以下措施(shi)，來打造電(dian)(dian)(dian)線電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜行業(ye)的(de)循環經濟：

　　首先，淘(tao)汰冷軋(ya)機和黑銅(tong)桿。用冷軋(ya)機軋(ya)制出(chu)芰8黑銅(tong)桿的生產工藝是落后的，而且其黑銅(tong)桿氧化物含量(liang)高(gao)，導電率低，性能(neng)(neng)差，拉(la)力重量(liang)比小，耗材、耗能(neng)(neng)、污染嚴重，應該淘(tao)汰。

　　其次，積(ji)(ji)極(ji)推廣(guang)鋁稀(xi)土(tu)優化(hua)處理(li)技(ji)術(shu)。用連鑄連軋工(gong)藝生產電(dian)工(gong)鋁桿在國內已相當普及，性(xing)能(neng)也良好，但設備仍停留在70年代(dai)初期開(kai)發(fa)水平(ping)，技(ji)術(shu)上沒有多大創新。要積(ji)(ji)極(ji)推廣(guang)我國特有的鋁稀(xi)土(tu)優化(hua)處理(li)技(ji)術(shu)。并(bing)(bing)利用引進的部分(fen)關鍵專用設備和(he)技(ji)術(shu)添加鋁鋯(gao)合(he)金，將熔(rong)鋁燃(ran)煤(mei)爐改(gai)造成(cheng)熔(rong)鋁燃(ran)油或天然氣(qi)(qi)爐，全部消(xiao)除熔(rong)鋁燃(ran)煤(mei)爐燃(ran)煤(mei)煙(yan)(yan)塵和(he)煙(yan)(yan)氣(qi)(qi)的排放，并(bing)(bing)設置(zhi)煙(yan)(yan)氣(qi)(qi)過濾裝置(zhi)凈化(hua)煙(yan)(yan)氣(qi)(qi)，提高(gao)排放質量，提高(gao)成(cheng)品率(lv)，降低成(cheng)本，同(tong)時使導線工(gong)作溫度(du)從70℃提高(gao)到150℃，載流量提高(gao)1.6倍。

　　第三，積(ji)極(ji)引進(jin)(jin)技(ji)術，自主創新開(kai)發(fa)(fa)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)優良(liang)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)專(zhuan)(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)設(she)備(bei)。目前，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)主導產(chan)(chan)品的(de)(de)(de)關鍵生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)設(she)備(bei)與(yu)國(guo)外先進(jin)(jin)設(she)備(bei)比較，技(ji)術水(shui)(shui)平差距仍然很大，主要(yao)表現在生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)率低、自動化程(cheng)度不(bu)高(gao)、能(neng)(neng)耗較大、可(ke)靠性(xing)較差，還(huan)不(bu)能(neng)(neng)滿足(zu)行(xing)業(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)需要(yao)，消化吸收(shou)嚴重滯后。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)專(zhuan)(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)設(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術水(shui)(shui)平、性(xing)能(neng)(neng)和可(ke)靠性(xing)對于提高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)產(chan)(chan)品質(zhi)量、生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)效(xiao)率、材(cai)料利用(yong)(yong)率均(jun)有不(bu)可(ke)估(gu)量的(de)(de)(de)好處。要(yao)積(ji)極(ji)引進(jin)(jin)技(ji)術，自主創新開(kai)發(fa)(fa)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)優良(liang)、高(gao)水(shui)(shui)平的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)專(zhuan)(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)設(she)備(bei)，為打造電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)行(xing)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)循環經(jing)濟服務(wu)。最后，積(ji)極(ji)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)環保型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)產(chan)(chan)品，加強廢電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)產(chan)(chan)品的(de)(de)(de)回收(shou)工(gong)作。目前，生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)產(chan)(chan)品大量使(shi)用(yong)(yong)橡(xiang)膠、聚氯乙烯、聚乙烯等高(gao)分子化工(gong)材(cai)料。在生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)產(chan)(chan)品過程(cheng)中產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)大量有毒有害氣體。因此要(yao)積(ji)極(ji)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)環保型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)原材(cai)料，生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)產(chan)(chan)品環保型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)。日(ri)本藤倉等電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)公(gong)司在開(kai)發(fa)(fa)了(le)環保型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)產(chan)(chan)品后，為了(le)壟(long)斷市(shi)場，積(ji)極(ji)推(tui)進(jin)(jin)政府頒布環保型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)產(chan)(chan)品標(biao)準。